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雅思大作文高分技巧之词性变化的运用

2018-07-25 19:45 1764577次浏览


  雅思大作文的评分标准之一就是词汇的丰富性,很多考生会积累大量的写作相关单词。词汇能够丰富作文内容,但是小编发现考生会忽略单词的词性变化在词汇丰富度中的重要性。

  词性变化在开头段和结论段中的作用

  开头段和结论段通常的写作方法就是将题目中的核心意思及关键词进行改写。在改写句子时,我们最常用的当然是运用近义词进行替换,而对于一些词汇量有限的考生来说近义替换是比较困难的一件事。在这时,若考生熟悉题目中的核心词汇的词性变化,那么可能就会打开思路,换一种表达方式。

雅思大作文高分技巧之词性变化的运用

  题目:

  Some people think that more money should be spent topromotethe use of bicycles in cities. Others, however, believe that cities shouldfocus on investingin public transport systems.

  Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

  解析:在此题目中,promote(推广,促进)这个动词的名词形式是promotion,所以to promote the use of bicycles就可以说成the promotion of the bicycle use。另外,invest(投资)这里是动词用法,而它的名词形式是investment,因此investing in public transport systems可以换成the investment in public transport systems。甚至,focus on在这里是动词词组,也可以被替换为名词the focus on。

  结合上面的一些词组,我们就可以将这道题目改写为:

  Some people argue that more money can be used in the promotion ofthe bicycle use, while others think that the focus on the investment in public transport systems is the priority in cities.

  题目:

  Rich countries oftengive financial aid topoor countries, but it does not solve the poverty problems, so rich countries should give other type of help to poor countries rather than financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

  范文开头段:

  It seems as a practice for industrialized countries tofinancetheir poor counterparts out of poverty. However, I think it has made the poor overly rely on the financial assistance and other kinds of help are therefore required other than in economic terms.(最新雅思高分范文P256)

  解析:题目当中的financial(财政的)为形容词用法,词汇有限的考生可能只能想到money。但是若他们知道动词finance(资助)的用法,就可以给他们提供一种可能的改写,于是give financial aid to poor countries改成了finance their poor counterparts out of poverty。同时形容词poor(贫困的)也被改成了名词用法poverty。

  名词化在学术写作中的抽象化作用

  首先,我们看一下什么叫做名词化(Nominalization)。通俗来说,名词化就是把一个单词的形容词、动词或者副词改变成它的名词方式,比如说responsible名词化后就是responsibility,recognize名词化是recognition。通过批改了大量的作文,笔者发现中国考生特别倾向使用动词和形容词,这样的使用会使作文没有那么正式。通过一个例子体验一下:

  a. If the government caninvestmoney inconstructingbasic facilities, it canimprovethe public’s life quality.

  b. Theinvestmentin theconstructionof basic facilities contributes to theimprovementof the public’s life quality.

  由于主要使用了动词来构建,a句显得比较简单。相比之下,b句中的名词化使得句子看起来变得复杂了些。正是因为这些名词化使得表述更加抽象客观,因此考生要注意恰当使用一些这样的名词形式。

  另外,剑桥雅思真题上的考官范文也有许多这样的例子。

  例1:The greaterflexibilityof the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thus maintaining learners’enthusiasmandprogress. Theircommandof the language in later life will benefit from this earlyexposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them.(剑9TEST 1考官范文)

  解析:假设例子当中划横线的名词全部换成大家熟悉的其他词性,那么句子可能是这样的:Theflexibleprimary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach; thus learners can beenthusiasticto progress. If they areexposedto the language in their early childhood, they willcommandit well in later life. And learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them.相比之下,考官范文中使用的名词化使得表达的意思更加抽象化和客观化,展现了一种正式的学术语篇。

  例2:In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollutionreductionswould depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.(剑8TEST 3考官范文)

  解析:考生一般会背动词reduce,却会忽略它的名词词性reduction。5-6分的考生作文在表达相似意思的时候可能是In order to reduce the traffic and pollution, the government should educate the public to use public transport more…。当然,reduce的表达也是正确的,但是范文中使用的名词化reduction会使语句表达更简洁且抽象客观。

  词性变化在论证中的衔接作用

  在主体段的论点论证当中,大家可能比较熟悉的衔接方式是通过代词做到句子之间的逻辑连接,但是词性变化有的时候也能让两句话的逻辑关系更为紧密。

  范文:Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantlyinteracting. It isthe interaction ofthe two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops.(剑5Test 4考官范文)

  解析:第一句话中interact作为动词阐述父母遗传而来的特质和生活中的经历相互作用。第二句话使用了interaction这个名词阐述正是这种相互作用慢慢地塑造了一个人的个性。考官没有用到this或者it来做衔接,也没有再重复一遍interacting,而是使用了它的名词造了一个强调句,既增加了句式,也做到了衔接。

  以上就是小编为大家从分享的雅思写作的备考。更多南京雅思培训、雅思教材推荐等问题,可以咨询我们。

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